Parechovirus ahumpari (Parechovirus A)

LEVELS: NOT ASSIGNED; NOT ASSIGNED; NOT ASSIGNED; NOT ASSIGNED; NOT ASSIGNED; NOT ASSIGNED; NOT ASSIGNED; NOT ASSIGNED
Register id parechovirus_a
Type virus
Scientific name Parechovirus ahumpari
NCBI taxid 3431395
Evidence 0 document(s)
Assigned 2026-09-04, against criteria version 093366e352a2

Overview

Parechovirus A is on this register because Eric noticed the parechoviruses were missing from the draft altogether, and the entry records what an honest search found: nothing. Its evidence folder is deliberately empty. The reference chapter names the genus twice — once in a taxonomy table and once in an aside about how one of its proteins works — and says nothing about disease in pigs. The single member listed, parechovirus A4, is also a human parechovirus; the human parechoviruses are common causes of mild gut and respiratory illness in children and occasionally of severe neonatal disease, but no swine literature connects them to pigs. Eric closed the outstanding literature review on 2026-09-03 with 'I can find no evidence anywhere', and the entry was routed to the KISS analysis — all eight criteria left unscored, because there is no basis on which to score them. That is a completed search returning nothing, not a search still outstanding, and the entry exists so the register says so out loud.

C1 Zoonotic potential

Likelihood of transmission from pigs to humans

CONFIRMED NOT ASSESSABLE. No level was assigned on this criterion, and Eric has reviewed that and ruled it correct — the folder holds nothing bearing on it. This is a statement about what the evidence supports, not a finding about the agent.

Confirmed by Eric. RULED NOT ASSESSABLE AND ROUTED TO KISS ANALYSIS. Eric, 2026-09-03, closing the outstanding literature review on this entry: "Send parechovirus to KISS, I CAN FIND NO EVIDENCE ANYWHERE." ALL EIGHT CRITERIA ARE NULL and the entry is unexportable, which is the intended outcome. THE FOLDER IS EMPTY -- not thin, empty. Chapter 36 names the genus Parechovirus in a taxonomy list and in an aside about 2A protein function and says nothing further, so there was never anything to place, and his search has now closed the possibility that something existed elsewhere. THIS IS THE CLEANEST INSTANCE OF THE RULE IN THE REGISTER: porcine_tottorivirus, pcv4 and porcine_ephemeroviruses_1_and_2 each had a sentence or two to argue over, and the argument was how far that sentence stretched. Here there is not a sentence, so any level would rest on the family the virus sits in and nothing else. NOTE THE STATUS CHANGE THIS CARRIES: the folder is still empty, but it is empty for a different reason than it was yesterday -- the review has been done and returned nothing, rather than being still to do. AWAITING_LIT_REVIEW.md has been rewritten to say so, because an empty folder is ambiguous and the absence has to be legible as a decision.

Basis. THE FOLDER IS EMPTY. data/source_docs/entries/parechovirus_a/ holds no document at all -- only its README and the AWAITING_LIT_REVIEW.md note explaining that the emptiness is deliberate. Chapter 36 names the genus Parechovirus in a taxonomy list and in an aside about 2A protein function, and says nothing else; there was no disease content to place. Eric, 2026-09-03, closing the outstanding literature review: "Send parechovirus to KISS, I CAN FIND NO EVIDENCE ANYWHERE." That is a completed search returning nothing, not a search still to be done.

How this level was decided

NOT ASSESSED. RULED NOT ASSESSABLE BY ERIC ON 2026-09-03 AND ROUTED TO KISS ANALYSIS. There is no evidence in the folder and, on his search, none to be had -- so every one of the eight cells is null and the entry is unexportable, which is the intended outcome rather than a defect. THIS IS THE CLEANEST CASE OF THE RULE IN THE REGISTER: porcine_tottorivirus, pcv4 and porcine_ephemeroviruses_1_and_2 each had a sentence or two to reason from and the argument was about how far that sentence stretched. Here there is not a sentence. A level assigned to any of these cells would rest on the family the virus sits in and on nothing else, and a filled-in level is indistinguishable from a real one.

C2 Zoonotic impact

Severity of human illness caused by the agent

CONFIRMED NOT ASSESSABLE. No level was assigned on this criterion, and Eric has reviewed that and ruled it correct — the folder holds nothing bearing on it. This is a statement about what the evidence supports, not a finding about the agent.

Confirmed by Eric. RULED NOT ASSESSABLE AND ROUTED TO KISS ANALYSIS. Eric, 2026-09-03, closing the outstanding literature review on this entry: "Send parechovirus to KISS, I CAN FIND NO EVIDENCE ANYWHERE." ALL EIGHT CRITERIA ARE NULL and the entry is unexportable, which is the intended outcome. THE FOLDER IS EMPTY -- not thin, empty. Chapter 36 names the genus Parechovirus in a taxonomy list and in an aside about 2A protein function and says nothing further, so there was never anything to place, and his search has now closed the possibility that something existed elsewhere. THIS IS THE CLEANEST INSTANCE OF THE RULE IN THE REGISTER: porcine_tottorivirus, pcv4 and porcine_ephemeroviruses_1_and_2 each had a sentence or two to argue over, and the argument was how far that sentence stretched. Here there is not a sentence, so any level would rest on the family the virus sits in and nothing else. NOTE THE STATUS CHANGE THIS CARRIES: the folder is still empty, but it is empty for a different reason than it was yesterday -- the review has been done and returned nothing, rather than being still to do. AWAITING_LIT_REVIEW.md has been rewritten to say so, because an empty folder is ambiguous and the absence has to be legible as a decision.

Basis. THE FOLDER IS EMPTY. data/source_docs/entries/parechovirus_a/ holds no document at all -- only its README and the AWAITING_LIT_REVIEW.md note explaining that the emptiness is deliberate. Chapter 36 names the genus Parechovirus in a taxonomy list and in an aside about 2A protein function, and says nothing else; there was no disease content to place. Eric, 2026-09-03, closing the outstanding literature review: "Send parechovirus to KISS, I CAN FIND NO EVIDENCE ANYWHERE." That is a completed search returning nothing, not a search still to be done.

How this level was decided

NOT ASSESSED. RULED NOT ASSESSABLE BY ERIC ON 2026-09-03 AND ROUTED TO KISS ANALYSIS. There is no evidence in the folder and, on his search, none to be had -- so every one of the eight cells is null and the entry is unexportable, which is the intended outcome rather than a defect. THIS IS THE CLEANEST CASE OF THE RULE IN THE REGISTER: porcine_tottorivirus, pcv4 and porcine_ephemeroviruses_1_and_2 each had a sentence or two to reason from and the argument was about how far that sentence stretched. Here there is not a sentence. A level assigned to any of these cells would rest on the family the virus sits in and on nothing else, and a filled-in level is indistinguishable from a real one.

C3 Herd introduction risk

Effort required to keep the agent out of the herd

CONFIRMED NOT ASSESSABLE. No level was assigned on this criterion, and Eric has reviewed that and ruled it correct — the folder holds nothing bearing on it. This is a statement about what the evidence supports, not a finding about the agent.

Confirmed by Eric. RULED NOT ASSESSABLE AND ROUTED TO KISS ANALYSIS. Eric, 2026-09-03, closing the outstanding literature review on this entry: "Send parechovirus to KISS, I CAN FIND NO EVIDENCE ANYWHERE." ALL EIGHT CRITERIA ARE NULL and the entry is unexportable, which is the intended outcome. THE FOLDER IS EMPTY -- not thin, empty. Chapter 36 names the genus Parechovirus in a taxonomy list and in an aside about 2A protein function and says nothing further, so there was never anything to place, and his search has now closed the possibility that something existed elsewhere. THIS IS THE CLEANEST INSTANCE OF THE RULE IN THE REGISTER: porcine_tottorivirus, pcv4 and porcine_ephemeroviruses_1_and_2 each had a sentence or two to argue over, and the argument was how far that sentence stretched. Here there is not a sentence, so any level would rest on the family the virus sits in and nothing else. NOTE THE STATUS CHANGE THIS CARRIES: the folder is still empty, but it is empty for a different reason than it was yesterday -- the review has been done and returned nothing, rather than being still to do. AWAITING_LIT_REVIEW.md has been rewritten to say so, because an empty folder is ambiguous and the absence has to be legible as a decision.

Basis. THE FOLDER IS EMPTY. data/source_docs/entries/parechovirus_a/ holds no document at all -- only its README and the AWAITING_LIT_REVIEW.md note explaining that the emptiness is deliberate. Chapter 36 names the genus Parechovirus in a taxonomy list and in an aside about 2A protein function, and says nothing else; there was no disease content to place. Eric, 2026-09-03, closing the outstanding literature review: "Send parechovirus to KISS, I CAN FIND NO EVIDENCE ANYWHERE." That is a completed search returning nothing, not a search still to be done.

How this level was decided

NOT ASSESSED. RULED NOT ASSESSABLE BY ERIC ON 2026-09-03 AND ROUTED TO KISS ANALYSIS. There is no evidence in the folder and, on his search, none to be had -- so every one of the eight cells is null and the entry is unexportable, which is the intended outcome rather than a defect. THIS IS THE CLEANEST CASE OF THE RULE IN THE REGISTER: porcine_tottorivirus, pcv4 and porcine_ephemeroviruses_1_and_2 each had a sentence or two to reason from and the argument was about how far that sentence stretched. Here there is not a sentence. A level assigned to any of these cells would rest on the family the virus sits in and on nothing else, and a filled-in level is indistinguishable from a real one.

C4 Detection difficulty

Difficulty of recognizing and confirming infection

CONFIRMED NOT ASSESSABLE. No level was assigned on this criterion, and Eric has reviewed that and ruled it correct — the folder holds nothing bearing on it. This is a statement about what the evidence supports, not a finding about the agent.

Confirmed by Eric. RULED NOT ASSESSABLE AND ROUTED TO KISS ANALYSIS. Eric, 2026-09-03, closing the outstanding literature review on this entry: "Send parechovirus to KISS, I CAN FIND NO EVIDENCE ANYWHERE." ALL EIGHT CRITERIA ARE NULL and the entry is unexportable, which is the intended outcome. THE FOLDER IS EMPTY -- not thin, empty. Chapter 36 names the genus Parechovirus in a taxonomy list and in an aside about 2A protein function and says nothing further, so there was never anything to place, and his search has now closed the possibility that something existed elsewhere. THIS IS THE CLEANEST INSTANCE OF THE RULE IN THE REGISTER: porcine_tottorivirus, pcv4 and porcine_ephemeroviruses_1_and_2 each had a sentence or two to argue over, and the argument was how far that sentence stretched. Here there is not a sentence, so any level would rest on the family the virus sits in and nothing else. NOTE THE STATUS CHANGE THIS CARRIES: the folder is still empty, but it is empty for a different reason than it was yesterday -- the review has been done and returned nothing, rather than being still to do. AWAITING_LIT_REVIEW.md has been rewritten to say so, because an empty folder is ambiguous and the absence has to be legible as a decision.

Basis. THE FOLDER IS EMPTY. data/source_docs/entries/parechovirus_a/ holds no document at all -- only its README and the AWAITING_LIT_REVIEW.md note explaining that the emptiness is deliberate. Chapter 36 names the genus Parechovirus in a taxonomy list and in an aside about 2A protein function, and says nothing else; there was no disease content to place. Eric, 2026-09-03, closing the outstanding literature review: "Send parechovirus to KISS, I CAN FIND NO EVIDENCE ANYWHERE." That is a completed search returning nothing, not a search still to be done.

How this level was decided

NOT ASSESSED. RULED NOT ASSESSABLE BY ERIC ON 2026-09-03 AND ROUTED TO KISS ANALYSIS. There is no evidence in the folder and, on his search, none to be had -- so every one of the eight cells is null and the entry is unexportable, which is the intended outcome rather than a defect. THIS IS THE CLEANEST CASE OF THE RULE IN THE REGISTER: porcine_tottorivirus, pcv4 and porcine_ephemeroviruses_1_and_2 each had a sentence or two to reason from and the argument was about how far that sentence stretched. Here there is not a sentence. A level assigned to any of these cells would rest on the family the virus sits in and on nothing else, and a filled-in level is indistinguishable from a real one.

C5 Production cost

Financial impact on the infected farm's cost of production

CONFIRMED NOT ASSESSABLE. No level was assigned on this criterion, and Eric has reviewed that and ruled it correct — the folder holds nothing bearing on it. This is a statement about what the evidence supports, not a finding about the agent.

Confirmed by Eric. RULED NOT ASSESSABLE AND ROUTED TO KISS ANALYSIS. Eric, 2026-09-03, closing the outstanding literature review on this entry: "Send parechovirus to KISS, I CAN FIND NO EVIDENCE ANYWHERE." ALL EIGHT CRITERIA ARE NULL and the entry is unexportable, which is the intended outcome. THE FOLDER IS EMPTY -- not thin, empty. Chapter 36 names the genus Parechovirus in a taxonomy list and in an aside about 2A protein function and says nothing further, so there was never anything to place, and his search has now closed the possibility that something existed elsewhere. THIS IS THE CLEANEST INSTANCE OF THE RULE IN THE REGISTER: porcine_tottorivirus, pcv4 and porcine_ephemeroviruses_1_and_2 each had a sentence or two to argue over, and the argument was how far that sentence stretched. Here there is not a sentence, so any level would rest on the family the virus sits in and nothing else. NOTE THE STATUS CHANGE THIS CARRIES: the folder is still empty, but it is empty for a different reason than it was yesterday -- the review has been done and returned nothing, rather than being still to do. AWAITING_LIT_REVIEW.md has been rewritten to say so, because an empty folder is ambiguous and the absence has to be legible as a decision.

Basis. THE FOLDER IS EMPTY. data/source_docs/entries/parechovirus_a/ holds no document at all -- only its README and the AWAITING_LIT_REVIEW.md note explaining that the emptiness is deliberate. Chapter 36 names the genus Parechovirus in a taxonomy list and in an aside about 2A protein function, and says nothing else; there was no disease content to place. Eric, 2026-09-03, closing the outstanding literature review: "Send parechovirus to KISS, I CAN FIND NO EVIDENCE ANYWHERE." That is a completed search returning nothing, not a search still to be done.

How this level was decided

NOT ASSESSED. RULED NOT ASSESSABLE BY ERIC ON 2026-09-03 AND ROUTED TO KISS ANALYSIS. There is no evidence in the folder and, on his search, none to be had -- so every one of the eight cells is null and the entry is unexportable, which is the intended outcome rather than a defect. THIS IS THE CLEANEST CASE OF THE RULE IN THE REGISTER: porcine_tottorivirus, pcv4 and porcine_ephemeroviruses_1_and_2 each had a sentence or two to reason from and the argument was about how far that sentence stretched. Here there is not a sentence. A level assigned to any of these cells would rest on the family the virus sits in and on nothing else, and a filled-in level is indistinguishable from a real one.

C6 Market impact

Duration of material disruption to pork and pig markets

CONFIRMED NOT ASSESSABLE. No level was assigned on this criterion, and Eric has reviewed that and ruled it correct — the folder holds nothing bearing on it. This is a statement about what the evidence supports, not a finding about the agent.

Confirmed by Eric. RULED NOT ASSESSABLE AND ROUTED TO KISS ANALYSIS. Eric, 2026-09-03, closing the outstanding literature review on this entry: "Send parechovirus to KISS, I CAN FIND NO EVIDENCE ANYWHERE." ALL EIGHT CRITERIA ARE NULL and the entry is unexportable, which is the intended outcome. THE FOLDER IS EMPTY -- not thin, empty. Chapter 36 names the genus Parechovirus in a taxonomy list and in an aside about 2A protein function and says nothing further, so there was never anything to place, and his search has now closed the possibility that something existed elsewhere. THIS IS THE CLEANEST INSTANCE OF THE RULE IN THE REGISTER: porcine_tottorivirus, pcv4 and porcine_ephemeroviruses_1_and_2 each had a sentence or two to argue over, and the argument was how far that sentence stretched. Here there is not a sentence, so any level would rest on the family the virus sits in and nothing else. NOTE THE STATUS CHANGE THIS CARRIES: the folder is still empty, but it is empty for a different reason than it was yesterday -- the review has been done and returned nothing, rather than being still to do. AWAITING_LIT_REVIEW.md has been rewritten to say so, because an empty folder is ambiguous and the absence has to be legible as a decision.

Basis. THE FOLDER IS EMPTY. data/source_docs/entries/parechovirus_a/ holds no document at all -- only its README and the AWAITING_LIT_REVIEW.md note explaining that the emptiness is deliberate. Chapter 36 names the genus Parechovirus in a taxonomy list and in an aside about 2A protein function, and says nothing else; there was no disease content to place. Eric, 2026-09-03, closing the outstanding literature review: "Send parechovirus to KISS, I CAN FIND NO EVIDENCE ANYWHERE." That is a completed search returning nothing, not a search still to be done.

How this level was decided

NOT ASSESSED. RULED NOT ASSESSABLE BY ERIC ON 2026-09-03 AND ROUTED TO KISS ANALYSIS. There is no evidence in the folder and, on his search, none to be had -- so every one of the eight cells is null and the entry is unexportable, which is the intended outcome rather than a defect. THIS IS THE CLEANEST CASE OF THE RULE IN THE REGISTER: porcine_tottorivirus, pcv4 and porcine_ephemeroviruses_1_and_2 each had a sentence or two to reason from and the argument was about how far that sentence stretched. Here there is not a sentence. A level assigned to any of these cells would rest on the family the virus sits in and on nothing else, and a filled-in level is indistinguishable from a real one.

C7 Treatment potential

Potential for treatment to improve outcomes

CONFIRMED NOT ASSESSABLE. No level was assigned on this criterion, and Eric has reviewed that and ruled it correct — the folder holds nothing bearing on it. This is a statement about what the evidence supports, not a finding about the agent.

Confirmed by Eric. RULED NOT ASSESSABLE AND ROUTED TO KISS ANALYSIS. Eric, 2026-09-03, closing the outstanding literature review on this entry: "Send parechovirus to KISS, I CAN FIND NO EVIDENCE ANYWHERE." ALL EIGHT CRITERIA ARE NULL and the entry is unexportable, which is the intended outcome. THE FOLDER IS EMPTY -- not thin, empty. Chapter 36 names the genus Parechovirus in a taxonomy list and in an aside about 2A protein function and says nothing further, so there was never anything to place, and his search has now closed the possibility that something existed elsewhere. THIS IS THE CLEANEST INSTANCE OF THE RULE IN THE REGISTER: porcine_tottorivirus, pcv4 and porcine_ephemeroviruses_1_and_2 each had a sentence or two to argue over, and the argument was how far that sentence stretched. Here there is not a sentence, so any level would rest on the family the virus sits in and nothing else. NOTE THE STATUS CHANGE THIS CARRIES: the folder is still empty, but it is empty for a different reason than it was yesterday -- the review has been done and returned nothing, rather than being still to do. AWAITING_LIT_REVIEW.md has been rewritten to say so, because an empty folder is ambiguous and the absence has to be legible as a decision.

Basis. THE FOLDER IS EMPTY. data/source_docs/entries/parechovirus_a/ holds no document at all -- only its README and the AWAITING_LIT_REVIEW.md note explaining that the emptiness is deliberate. Chapter 36 names the genus Parechovirus in a taxonomy list and in an aside about 2A protein function, and says nothing else; there was no disease content to place. Eric, 2026-09-03, closing the outstanding literature review: "Send parechovirus to KISS, I CAN FIND NO EVIDENCE ANYWHERE." That is a completed search returning nothing, not a search still to be done.

How this level was decided

NOT ASSESSED. RULED NOT ASSESSABLE BY ERIC ON 2026-09-03 AND ROUTED TO KISS ANALYSIS. There is no evidence in the folder and, on his search, none to be had -- so every one of the eight cells is null and the entry is unexportable, which is the intended outcome rather than a defect. THIS IS THE CLEANEST CASE OF THE RULE IN THE REGISTER: porcine_tottorivirus, pcv4 and porcine_ephemeroviruses_1_and_2 each had a sentence or two to reason from and the argument was about how far that sentence stretched. Here there is not a sentence. A level assigned to any of these cells would rest on the family the virus sits in and on nothing else, and a filled-in level is indistinguishable from a real one.

C8 Vaccine availability

Availability of effective vaccines or bacterins

CONFIRMED NOT ASSESSABLE. No level was assigned on this criterion, and Eric has reviewed that and ruled it correct — the folder holds nothing bearing on it. This is a statement about what the evidence supports, not a finding about the agent.

Confirmed by Eric. RULED NOT ASSESSABLE AND ROUTED TO KISS ANALYSIS. Eric, 2026-09-03, closing the outstanding literature review on this entry: "Send parechovirus to KISS, I CAN FIND NO EVIDENCE ANYWHERE." ALL EIGHT CRITERIA ARE NULL and the entry is unexportable, which is the intended outcome. THE FOLDER IS EMPTY -- not thin, empty. Chapter 36 names the genus Parechovirus in a taxonomy list and in an aside about 2A protein function and says nothing further, so there was never anything to place, and his search has now closed the possibility that something existed elsewhere. THIS IS THE CLEANEST INSTANCE OF THE RULE IN THE REGISTER: porcine_tottorivirus, pcv4 and porcine_ephemeroviruses_1_and_2 each had a sentence or two to argue over, and the argument was how far that sentence stretched. Here there is not a sentence, so any level would rest on the family the virus sits in and nothing else. NOTE THE STATUS CHANGE THIS CARRIES: the folder is still empty, but it is empty for a different reason than it was yesterday -- the review has been done and returned nothing, rather than being still to do. AWAITING_LIT_REVIEW.md has been rewritten to say so, because an empty folder is ambiguous and the absence has to be legible as a decision.

Basis. THE FOLDER IS EMPTY. data/source_docs/entries/parechovirus_a/ holds no document at all -- only its README and the AWAITING_LIT_REVIEW.md note explaining that the emptiness is deliberate. Chapter 36 names the genus Parechovirus in a taxonomy list and in an aside about 2A protein function, and says nothing else; there was no disease content to place. Eric, 2026-09-03, closing the outstanding literature review: "Send parechovirus to KISS, I CAN FIND NO EVIDENCE ANYWHERE." That is a completed search returning nothing, not a search still to be done.

How this level was decided

NOT ASSESSED. RULED NOT ASSESSABLE BY ERIC ON 2026-09-03 AND ROUTED TO KISS ANALYSIS. There is no evidence in the folder and, on his search, none to be had -- so every one of the eight cells is null and the entry is unexportable, which is the intended outcome rather than a defect. THIS IS THE CLEANEST CASE OF THE RULE IN THE REGISTER: porcine_tottorivirus, pcv4 and porcine_ephemeroviruses_1_and_2 each had a sentence or two to reason from and the argument was about how far that sentence stretched. Here there is not a sentence. A level assigned to any of these cells would rest on the family the virus sits in and on nothing else, and a filled-in level is indistinguishable from a real one.

Levels and evidence are generated from data/assignments/parechovirus_a.yml; the overview is authored in data/overviews/parechovirus_a.md. Do not hand-edit this page — corrections go in data/assignments/CORRECTIONS.yml.

Quoted material marked Basis is from Zimmerman JJ, Karriker LA, Ramirez A, Schwartz KJ, Stevenson GW, Zhang J, eds. Diseases of Swine, 12th edition. Hoboken: Wiley Blackwell, 2025 — except where another source is named in the quotation itself.