PORCINE SAPOVIRUS
LEVELS: No evidence of transmission;No evidence of transmission;Some bypass of biosecurity;Difficult: poor recognition and diagnostics;Limited losses (few pigs);Little market disruption;Low resistance risk;Minimal: Rare or short-course individual treatments;No effective treatments;No effective vaccine or bacterin available;Extremely difficult and with uncertain success rate
OVERVIEW
Porcine sapoviruses are common enteric caliciviruses of pigs and are more clearly associated with diarrhea than porcine noroviruses. Infection occurs early in life and is widespread globally. Disease is usually mild to moderate and self-limiting, with limited production impact.
FOODBORNE ZOONOTIC TRANSMISSION POTENTIAL
Level: No evidence of transmission
There is no evidence that porcine sapoviruses infect humans via pork consumption.
NON-FOODBORNE ZOONOTIC TRANSMISSION POTENTIAL
Level: No evidence of transmission
Despite genetic relatedness to human sapoviruses, no evidence supports routine zoonotic transmission.
DISEASE SPREAD BEYOND FARM BIOSECURITY CONTROL
Level: Some bypass of biosecurity
Fecal–oral transmission with environmental persistence is important. Wildlife reservoirs have been identified, but pig-associated pathways dominate.
DIFFICULTY OF DETECTING AND CONFIRMING INFECTION
Level: Difficult: poor recognition and diagnostics
Diagnostics are primarily research-based (RT-PCR, EM). Routine field confirmation is uncommon and sensitivity is not fully characterised.
FINANCIAL IMPACT ON COST OF PRODUCTION
Level: Limited losses (few pigs)
Clinical disease is generally mild and transient. Outbreaks rarely result in sustained or severe economic loss.
EFFECT ON DOMESTIC OR EXPORT MARKETS
Level: Little market disruption
Sapoviruses are not trade-limiting and do not affect consumer confidence.
PATHOGEN'S ABILITY TO DEVELOP AND SPREAD RESISTANCE
Level: Low resistance risk
Viral pathogen with no AMR relevance.
AMR DEVELOPMENT DRIVEN BY DISEASE MANAGEMENT
Level: Minimal: Rare or short-course individual treatments
Management does not drive antimicrobial use.
AVAILABILITY OF EFFECTIVE TREATMENT OPTIONS
Level: No effective treatments
Treatment is supportive only.
AVAILABILITY OF EFFECTIVE VACCINES OR BACTERINS
Level: No effective vaccine or bacterin available
No vaccines are available.
CAN THIS DISEASE BE ERADICATED FROM THE US?
Level: Extremely difficult and with uncertain success rate
High prevalence, environmental persistence, and limited impact make eradication infeasible.