SAINT VALERIEN CALICIVIRUS (VALOVIRUS)
LEVELS: Highly unlikely: No controls necessary; Highly unlikely: No evidence of non-foodborne zoonotic transmission; Highly effective: Routine on-farm biosecurity measures are effective in preventing farm-to-farm transmission; Difficult: Clinical signs not unique and test(s) not available at local/regional laboratory; Minor: Low prevalence, typically non-lethal infection with recovery very likely; Negligible: Little or no market disruption when disease occurs on one or more farms; Minimal risk: Agent inherently unlikely to develop clinically important resistance to antibacterial or antiviral treatments; Minimal risk: Antibacterial or antiviral treatments rarely occur, or are typically limited to short-course individual animal therapy; No availability: Effective treatments not currently available in the US (or have not been developed); No availability: Effective vaccines not currently available in the US (or have not been developed); Difficult and uncertain: Extremely difficult and with uncertain success rate, few global examples of success even at farm level
OVERVIEW
Saint Valerien virus (SVV) is a recently described porcine calicivirus belonging to the genus Valovirus. It has been detected serologically and molecularly in pigs in multiple countries, but its role in clinical disease remains unknown.
FOODBORNE ZOONOTIC TRANSMISSION POTENTIAL
Level: Highly unlikely: No controls necessary
No evidence of foodborne zoonotic transmission.
NON-FOODBORNE ZOONOTIC TRANSMISSION POTENTIAL
Level: Highly unlikely: No evidence of non-foodborne zoonotic transmission
No evidence of zoonotic transmission via occupational or environmental exposure.
EFFECTIVENESS OF ON-FARM BIOSECURITY IN PREVENTING FARM-TO-FARM TRANSMISSION
Level: Highly effective: Routine on-farm biosecurity measures are effective in preventing farm-to-farm transmission
Limited data exist; transmission is presumed pig-associated with no strong evidence of external amplification.
DIFFICULTY OF DETECTING AND CONFIRMING INFECTION
Level: Difficult: Clinical signs not unique and test(s) not available at local/regional laboratory
Detection relies on specialised molecular and serological tools primarily used in research contexts.
FINANCIAL IMPACT ON FARM'S COST OF PRODUCTION
Level: Minor: Low prevalence, typically non-lethal infection with recovery very likely
No demonstrated association with clinical disease or production loss.
EFFECT ON DOMESTIC OR EXPORT MARKETS
Level: Negligible: Little or no market disruption when disease occurs on one or more farms
No market or trade relevance.
PATHOGEN'S ABILITY TO DEVELOP AND SPREAD RESISTANCE
Level: Minimal risk: Agent inherently unlikely to develop clinically important resistance to antibacterial or antiviral treatments
Viral pathogen with no AMR relevance.
AMR DEVELOPMENT DRIVEN BY DISEASE MANAGEMENT
Level: Minimal risk: Antibacterial or antiviral treatments rarely occur, or are typically limited to short-course individual animal therapy
Does not drive antimicrobial use.
AVAILABILITY OF EFFECTIVE TREATMENT OPTIONS
Level: No availability: Effective treatments not currently available in the US (or have not been developed)
No treatments available or needed.
AVAILABILITY OF EFFECTIVE VACCINES OR BACTERINS
Level: No availability: Effective vaccines not currently available in the US (or have not been developed)
No vaccines exist.
FEASIBILITY OF ERADICATING THE DISEASE FROM THE US
Level: Difficult and uncertain: Extremely difficult and with uncertain success rate, few global examples of success even at farm level
Widespread exposure and uncertain disease relevance make eradication unrealistic.